Similarly… the federal courts lack jurisdiction to issue orders directing Congress to enact or amend legislation…  Because the words that amended the Pledge were enacted into law by statute, the district court may not direct Congress to delete those words any more than it may order the President to take such action.  All this, of course, is aside from the fact that the President has no authority to amend a statute or declare a law unconstitutional, those functions being reserved to Congress and the federal judiciary respectively.

Still, the Ninth Circuit gave legitimacy to Mr. Newdow’s arguments and concluded that the words “under God” in the Pledge are unconstitutional.  They said the statement that the United States is a nation “under God” is an establishment of religion.

How in the world the hearing, not even the saying, of the words “under God” in the Pledge to the flag establishes a religion, nobody knows.  Maybe churches should substitute sermons with the pledge.  According to the Ninth Circuit, it would probably be more effective.

That decision was later appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ultimately sidestepped the central issue by ruling that Mr. Newdow did not have standing to challenge the Pledge of Allegiance.  The case was therefore reversed and it is now again at the Ninth Circuit where we await a new decision by the court. 

After all this time, the words “under God” on the Pledge are in as much a danger of being declared unconstitutional as ever.  We must remain diligent and tell our Senators and Representatives that we want our Pledge protected.

But something good did come out of the Supreme Court’s decision.  Three justices, Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O’Connor and Justice Thomas, did not shy away from the challenge of answering the question of constitutionality and, although their analyses were not part of the majority opinion and therefore not legally binding, they gave us and the Ninth Circuit (if it would care to listen) a strong message that the words “under God” in the Pledge of allegiance are constitutional.

Chief Justice Rehnquist gave a great historical account of the many instances where “patriotic invocations of God and official acknowledgments of religion’s role in our Nation’s history” were not only accepted but encouraged.  He talked, among other examples, about George Washington’s first inauguration on April 30, 1789, where “Washington put his right hand on the Bible, opened to Psalm 121:1: ‘I raise my eyes toward the hills.  Whence shall my help come.;’” he talked about the first Thanksgiving proclamation which started, “Whereas it is the duty of all Nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for his benefits, and humbly to implore His protection and favor;” he even referenced the last verse of our own national anthem “The Star-Spangled Banner,” adopted by Congress in 1931, which says, “then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, and this be our motto: ‘In God is our trust.’  And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave, o’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!”

As all reasonable people already know, the Chief Justice pointed out that these examples serve to show us that our Nation’s culture embraces our religious history and character.  He concluded “I do not believe that the phrase ‘under God’ in the Pledge converts its recital into a ‘religious exercise’…”

Justice O’Connor agreed, emphasizing that the reasonable observer, “fully aware of our national history and the origins of such practices, would not perceive these acknowledgments as signifying a government endorsement of any specific religion, or even of religion over non-religion.”

But that is a reasonable observer, and the people who are obsessed with removing God from our culture are not. 

Justice O’Connor explained that Mr. Newdow’s “distaste for the reference to ‘one Nation under God,’ however sincere, cannot be the yardstick of our Establishment Clause inquiry.  Certain ceremonial references to God and religion in our Nation are the inevitable consequence of the religious history that gave birth to our founding principles of liberty.”

She concluded, “I believe that petitioner school district’s policy of having its teachers lead students in voluntary recitations of the Pledge of Allegiance does not offend the Establishment Clause.”

Justice Thomas summarized his opinion in a very simple way: “We granted certiorari in this case to decide whether the Elk Grove Unified School District’s Pledge policy violates the Constitution.  The answer to that question is: ‘no.’"

As we await its decision once again, let’s hope the Ninth Circuit listens.  But don’t hold your breath.