Professional cyclists are tested both at random and before/during/after most races in which they participate - especially when they win. These may include both urine and blood tests. The USADA is supposed to use these test results as a basis for their accusations.
Lance Armstrong, one of the greatest endurance athletes of modern times, who won the grueling Tour de France bicycle race a record seven consecutive times from 1995 to 2005, has been stripped of all awards and prizes he won during his storied cycling career. The reason for these harsh sanctions against Armstrong was a finding by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) that the athlete had used illicit, performance-enhancing drugs during his cycling career. Yet, because of its status as unaccountable regulatory power, the USADA never had to prove its case against Armstrong.
Armstrong's unprecedented fall from grace has precipitated...
Since then, I've taken them in the civilian world and you don't have to do it in front anyone, but they do control the situation pretty well such that creating is very difficult.