I serve on my town's Cultural Council, which awards state-financed grants to local arts projects. Many council members themselves are artists and are permitted to apply for grants. Those members leave the room when we consider their proposals. But unlike ordinary applicants, every council member seeking a grant has received one. Is it ethical for council members to receive these funds? -- Name Withheld, Massachusetts

Conflicts of interest cannot be averted simply by having a potential beneficiary put his head down on his desk and close his eyes or leave the room for two minutes, or via some other elementary-school methodology. (And then you all get cupcakes. That someone's mom baked from scratch.) The interconnectedness of town life demands more stringent safeguards.

The law does permit you to finance a colleague if certain procedures are followed. Your state's "Local Cultural Council Program Guidelines" declares: "a grant to a sitting council member individually will, at a minimum, involve a disclosure filing, local legislative or (Massachusetts Cultural Council) exemption and nonparticipation in the decision." But as the guidelines acknowledge, these are minimum requirements to deter conflicts of interest, and a local council may go further and "make its own rules regarding funding council members." Ethics demands that you do.

You might forbid council members to apply for grants during their tenure. This would require sacrifice on their part, but such is the nature of public service. And presumably members join for only a limited time; council membership is not a career.

An additional possibility: Submit member applications to a council in another town. They do yours; you do theirs. (Similarly, some newspapers use an outside critic, rather than a staff writer, to review a staff member's book.) Just don't get too friendly with the folks in the next town. No romantic multitown Cultural Council retreats in the Berkshires.


I am a casino employee and an expert in gaming. At another casino, I saw a woman losing heavily at blackjack, a game requiring some skill. Clearly she had no idea of the statistics of the game and was throwing away money on bad bet after bad bet. She would have been better off playing roulette or slot machines or any game based on luck. Should I have said something to her? -- Name Withheld, California