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Sunday, November 19, 2006
Paul Jacob :: Townhall.com Columnist
Honoring freedom and Friedman
by Paul Jacob
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A few days ago, Milton Friedman’s 95th year of life — a long and productive life — was . . . cut short. The 1976 winner of the Nobel Prize for Economics died, leaving the cause of liberty minus one of its greatest champions.

You’ve probably already read a dozen or so obituaries. Few economists deserve universal honoring at time of death, but Milton Friedman surely deserves to be one of those few. So it won’t hurt to read one encomium more.

Friedman was known for many things. For years, he wrote a thoughtful column for Newsweek. He was a teacher, and an adviser to presidents. His work on monetary theory earned him his Nobel, and his Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, co-authored with Anna J. Schwartz, changed the way most scholars thought about boom and bust.

In the days of stagflation, his series of television documentaries, Free to Choose, provoked thought amongst thousands and thousands of viewers. A book with the same title, co-written with his wife Rose, made his ideas even more popular. Like an earlier work, Capitalism and Freedom, he advanced the idea that private property, free markets, the rule of law, and everyday individual freedom are closely tied, necessarily related.

His friends, family, students, colleagues — even his intellectual combatants — speak of him as more than this, of course. They remember the warm, funny, charming and genuinely good person. Even many of us who did not know him personally remain grateful to have caught a glimpse.

I shook his hand once. It was an honor. He was no ordinary economist. He was even more than a great economist. Friedman’s commitment to freedom was broad, not narrow — radical, not hesitant.

As Samuel Brittan noted in The Financial Times, Friedman spent more time in the ’60s arguing against America’s use of the military draft than against any other government policy. “In the realm of policy,” Friedman himself insisted, “I regard eliminating the draft as my most important accomplishment.” The excellence of today’s all-volunteer force shows the wisdom of Friedman’s policy prescription.

Freedom wasn’t just rhetoric to him; it wasn’t a loaded word to throw around almost meaninglessly in wartime. Freedom has consequences. Good ones. But not always pleasant for every ideologue. And he saw that freedom’s reach extends beyond helping just one sector of society. It helps us all.

Whereas most people may think of free-market economists as just another form of business lobbyist, Friedman proved this was not so.

There was a great number of issues where Friedman demonstrated his radicalism and his good sense at the same time. And these issues must not be forgotten. As we extend our sympathy, condolences, and share our sorrow with Milton Friedman’s family and friends, we must not forget those issues.

I’ll name just two. (Friedman himself provided a lengthy list, and insisted it could never be complete.)

First, Friedman was a supporter of school choice.

It’s almost an understatement to put it like that. He nearly invented school choice. He first wrote about it back in the ’50s, when it seemed to most people almost lunatic. Now, the tide is turning. Options in elementary learning abound, today, though we are still afflicted with a burdensome and ill-run socialistic bureaucracy. We’ve a long way to go.

And he put his money where his mouth was (something one oddly doesn’t expect of economists). One of the things he did with his Swedish Bank (“Nobel”) award money was to establish the Milton and Rose D. Friedman Foundation, which works to bring the benefits of choice to children everywhere.

Second, Friedman was an important early supporter of extending term limits to legislators. One can look at this in several ways.

Adding term limits is just one more necessary limit we place on government, to encourage human liberty. “The only way we are really going to change things is by changing the political structure,” Friedman said in 1991. “The most hopeful thing I see on that side is the great public pressure at the moment for term limits. That would be a truly fundamental change.”

Term limits are just pragmatic, ordinary horse sense, the kind of policy that someone who does good research would advocate. As the empirical-minded Friedman put it, “the evidence is clear: the longer people are in Congress, the more willing they are to vote government spending.”

Term limits are about education . . . the education of politicians. The environment of the modern state, and of its legislature, encourages certain kinds of actions, discourages others. Unlimited terms allow time for the bad lessons of the state to creep into the souls of all but a resolute few leaders, corrupting their dedication to freedom with the enticements of the age-old racket.

What racket? The one where good people start out trying to serve others, and end up serving themselves — at the expense of others. Whereas in markets, people looking out mainly for themselves are led “as if by an invisible hand” to serve others (as Adam Smith put it), in politics and government, the process suffers from a devastating reversal.

I remember Milton Friedman explaining this very idea (of the reverse invisible hand) in his Free to Choose television program. For this alone I remember him fondly. It’s an important political idea. It should never be forgotten.

Neither should his other political stances: against involuntary servitude in the military (or anywhere), for school choice for children (and their parents), for legislative term limits . . . in a phrase, for liberty.

All his life he promoted freedom.

A better epitaph could not be devised.

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About The Author
Paul Jacob is President of Citizens in Charge. His daily Common Sense commentary appears on the Web, via e-mail, and on radio stations across America.
 
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Freidman & Goldwater ....

... libertarian champions of the 20th century.





Amen
It is hard to imagine Conservatism without Liberty and Freedom at its core, and Milton Friedman played a large role in making them central concepts in modern times. Strip out the joy in the freedom to choose, and what is left but a sour Nanny Stateism?

An Open Letter to Bill Bennett
Everything he writes about here is much worse now, 16 yrs. later.

An Open Letter to Bill Bennett
by Milton Friedman, April 1990

In Oliver Cromwell's eloquent words, "I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken" about the course you and President Bush urge us to adopt to fight drugs. The path you propose of more police, more jails, use of the military in foreign countries, harsh penalties for drug users, and a whole panoply of repressive measures can only make a bad situation worse. The drug war cannot be won by those tactics without undermining the human liberty and individual freedom that you and I cherish.

You are not mistaken in believing that drugs are a scourge that is devastating our society. You are not mistaken in believing that drugs are tearing asunder our social fabric, ruining the lives of many young people, and imposing heavy costs on some of the most disadvantaged among us. You are not mistaken in believing that the majority of the public share your concerns. In short, you are not mistaken in the end you seek to achieve.

Your mistake is failing to recognize that the very measures you favor are a major source of the evils you deplore. Of course the problem is demand, but it is not only demand, it is demand that must operate through repressed and illegal channels. Illegality creates obscene profits that finance the murderous tactics of the drug lords; illegality leads to the corruption of law enforcement officials; illegality monopolizes the efforts of honest law forces so that they are starved for resources to fight the simpler crimes of robbery, theft and assault.

Drugs are a tragedy for addicts. But criminalizing their use converts that tragedy into a disaster for society, for users and non-users alike. Our experience with the prohibition of drugs is a replay of our experience with the prohibition of alcoholic beverages.

I append excerpts from a column that I wrote in 1972 on "Prohibition and Drugs." The major problem then was heroin from Marseilles; today, it is cocaine from Latin America. Today, also, the problem is far more serious than it was 17 years ago: more addicts, more innocent victims; more drug pushers, more law enforcement officials; more money spent to enforce prohibition, more money spent to circumvent prohibition.

Had drugs been decriminalized 17 years ago, "crack" would never have been invented (it was invented because the high cost of illegal drugs made it profitable to provide a cheaper version) and there would today be far fewer addicts. The lives of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of innocent victims would have been saved, and not only in the U.S. The ghettos of our major cities would not be drug-and-crime-infested no-man's lands. Fewer people would be in jails, and fewer jails would have been built.

Columbia, Bolivia and Peru would not be suffering from narco-terror, and we would not be distorting our foreign policy because of narco-terror. Hell would not, in the words with which Billy Sunday welcomed Prohibition, "be forever for rent," but it would be a lot emptier.

Decriminalizing drugs is even more urgent now than in 1972, but we must recognize that the harm done in the interim cannot be wiped out, certainly not immediately. Postponing decriminalization will only make matters worse, and make the problem appear even more intractable.

Alcohol and tobacco cause many more deaths in users than do drugs. Decriminalization would not prevent us from treating drugs as we now treat alcohol and tobacco: prohibiting sales of drugs to minors, outlawing the advertising of drugs and similar measures. Such measures could be enforced, while outright prohibition cannot be. Moreover, if even a small fraction of the money we now spend on trying to enforce drug prohibition were devoted to treatment and rehabilitation, in an atmosphere of compassion not punishment, the reduction in drug usage and in the harm done to the users could be dramatic.

This plea comes from the bottom of my heart. Every friend of freedom, and I know you are one, must be as revolted as I am by the prospect of turning the United States into an armed camp, by the vision of jails filled with casual drug users and of an army of enforcers empowered to invade the liberty of citizens on slight evidence. A country in which shooting down unidentified planes "on suspicion" can be seriously considered as a drug-war tactic is not the kind of United States that either you or I want to hand on to future generations.

1990?
That letter to Bill Bennett could have been written in 1980 -- it refers to an article written in 1972 -- it could have been written in 2000 -- 2005 -- yesterday.

Just slap on the name of the current Drug Czar, and the letter is as current as it has ever been.

Nothing's changed -- except to get worse.

I Love Bill Bennett
...and want to take this opportunitely to plug my newest post on my blog called "Lefties Use Babies as Political Footballs…Again."

It is all about Lefties Gone Wild.

Drop by and visit!

Rangel Calls for Reinstating Draft
Boy, Uncle Milty is turning over in his grave.

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,230598,00.html

Drugs = cash cow
Friedman's letter failed to address the real (IMHO) reason drugs remain illegal after so many decades of governmental attempts to eliminate illegal narcotics.

The city/county/state/federal governments get revenue from the seizure of property belonging to drug users/sellers. It's called civil forfeiture.

The general concept is that the government can seize assets of anyone arrested, regardless of the charge, without the need for conviction.

In 1985, the feds got $27 million in civil forfeiture, in 1992 they got $875 million.

Clinton signed the Civil Asset Reform Act of 2000 which eliminated most of the more egregious aspects of the civil forfeiture law (USC Title 18 Sec. 981).

Civil foreiture (in rem forfeiture) remains the reason drug laws aren't repealed. Also, there is a significant portion of the law enforcement community (including lawyers, judges, correctional officers) that owe their jobs and incomes to drug law enforcement.

I believe that's what Friedman was looking at when he criticized the illegalization of recreational drug use.


Part -- but not all --
We spend upwards of $50 BILlion (that's a "B") in our futile attempts to eradicate drugs -- and that doesn't include what we spend warping other countries with strings-attached foreign aid.

$875 million is a paltry sum next to that.

But wait, I forget -- this is certainly not the time to start accusing the government of knowing how to spend a buck *wisely*, now is it?

Anti-Partisan_Righty
Freidman & Goldwater ....

... libertarian champions of the 20th century.

I totally agree.

I remember back Goldwater and his book "Conscience of a Conservative" being attacked rather viciously by the media it seemed to me.

These attacks made me curious so I read his book and I could not figure where these charges bordering on hatred came from. His ideas, which as I remember now covered personal responsibility and freedom, sounded pretty good to me -- then a JFK Democrat, not sure what I am now.

Clyde9

Amazing
This is a fantastic commentary on a man I believe will become my Hero. I must also say the follow up on this article/obituary equally informative. Kudos on the work people.

Free to Choose
As a economics student at university now, Friedman is a constant reminder of why I love the study and formulation of economic theory. Friedman is very much a modern voice who was ahead of his time in much of his writing during the 1970's. He will be missed.

Andrew J Stivers

Friedman's Partners
For anyone who wants to read a primer on Friedman-like economic theories applied to the question of political structures, I highly recommend "The Road to Serfdom" by Friedrich Hayek. Hayek demonstrates that Friedman's classical liberal economics are important, as the more controlled economies must, by nature, be more totalitarian.

There is a paperback version out with Friedman penning the introduction.

follow-up
thank you Andrew, Jim, and Fletch for the followup on this.

list
making a list of relevant material provided my posters, Handy and Fletch. Thank you very much for the information.
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