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Monday, January 12, 2009
Matt Mayer :: Townhall.com Columnist
The Lost Decade: Reevaluating the False Booms of the Clinton and Bush Years
by Matt Mayer
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As Winnie the Pooh is fond of saying to his friends in the 100 Acre Wood, I am a bear of very little brain. So, unlike all of those Ivy League graduates who (over)populate elite institutions like the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury, the White House, and the Congress, I try to keep things simple. The mess we are in today is nothing more than the readjustment necessary to eliminate the unjustified and/or ponzi-like growth that occurred in the stock and housing markets during Bill Clinton’s and George W. Bush’s presidencies.

From the Tulip mania in 1637 Holland to the South Sea Company bubble in 1720 and the Railway mania in the 1840s in Britain to the Florida land boom in the 1920s to today, it appears that we are incapable of remembering the old adage that if it sounds too good to be true, it is. Over the last thirteen years, despite centuries of history’s lessons, we ignored those lessons and the warning signs along the way in search of a quick buck. Shame on us.

Just as Amity Shlaes and other experts have shed new light on the Great Depression and forced a much-needed reevaluation of the wisdom and utility of the New Deal policies promoted by Franklin Roosevelt, historians and economists need to begin reevaluating America’s “lost decade” that began in 1995 and ended in 2007. Just as FDR erroneously took credit for getting America out of the Great Depression, Clinton erroneously takes credit for the economic boom that occurred during his presidency, but went bust shortly thereafter. As we know, Clinton’s economic boom was fueled by the dotcom bubble and shady accounting practices that led to the Enron and countless other company meltdowns, as well as risky housing policies that disconnected the risk of the borrower from both the size of the mortgage and the equity required to put down on it.

As the stock boom went bust in 2000 and 2001, people rushed to “safer” assets like real estate. The housing market went gangbusters as the federal government added more fuel to the Clinton campfire by pushing Freddie Mae and Frannie Mac to support even riskier loans to people even more unworthy of credit and with no skin in the game. The Clinton campfire turned into an uncontrolled Bush forest fire ripe with speculators, fraud, and the ponzi-like notion that housing prices would always increase, thereby allowing the pyramid to grow as those first in got paid by those behind them. The housing pyramid collapsed when those at the bottom couldn’t find any more suckers to enter the game and the banks came calling.

Two measures vividly demonstrate the folly of the last thirteen years.

First, from March 1954 to December 1994, the Standard & Poor 500 Index had a 6.61% annualized growth rate. On December 9, 1994, the S&P 500 traded at 446.96. From that day until May 24, 2000, it grew by 242%, or an annualized growth rate of 26.15%, to a then record 1,527.46. Even the dotcom and corporate fraud bust failed to totally squeeze the inflated gains out of the market. On January 19, 2001, the day before Bush started his presidency, the S&P 500 traded at 1,342,54, which was still a 200% net gain from December 1994 or a 19.71% annualized growth rate. At its post-September 11, 2001, bottom on October 4, 2002, the S&P 500 traded at 800.58, which was 79% gain over eight years or a nearly 8% annualized growth rate.

By early 2003, the S&P 500 started another bull market run, this time fueled by Main Street consumer spending using credit cards and the funds pulled from inflated home equity, by the Federal Reserve’s loose monetary policy, and by Wall Street’s too clever by half derivative packages. It reached a new record close of 1561.80 on October 12, 2007, which represented a net growth of 95% in five years or a 15% annualized growth rate. Then, it all came crashing down – not just to the Bush era beginning, but the crash reached back to the Clinton era beginning, too.

The reality is that the current trading price at around 900 is where the S&P 500 would have been had it grown at 5% per year, which is close to the pre-December 1994 annualized growth rate. Since October 9, 2008, the S&P 500 has traded around the 900 mark, indicating that the stock market has stabilized. Given the economic recession, it is possible that the market will drop even more as consumers further tighten their wallets, the housing market declines, and government weakens the dollar with unprecedented rate cuts and by continued profligate spending.

The second measure is the Case-Shiller Home Price Index. The historical average yearly growth rate for housing for the ten-year period before 1997 was roughly .19%. In January 1997, the C-S Index stood at 78.08. From that month to June 2006, it rose to the dizzying height of 226.29, which equated to a 190% net increase, or 20% per year average gain. Such an increase was utterly unrealistic and unsustainable.

In the twenty-seven months from June 2006 to September 2008, the C-S Index dropped to 173.25, which is a 23% decrease. As with the S&P 500, had housing prices increased each year more closely to the historical averages of the 1987 to 1997 period (.19%) or even the full 1987 to 2008 period (.38%), the C-S Index today would stand at between 102.13 and 131.94. This means that housing prices should continue to drop for the next twelve to eighteen months until the remaining inflated growth is squeezed out of the market.

As the S&P 500 and the C-S Index settle into their historical growth patterns, we must face the consequences of the “lost decade.” For Americans who lived beyond their means or speculated during the bubble, that equates to bankruptcies and foreclosures. For those of us who played by the rules, that means significant losses in our retirement and our kids’ education accounts, as well as “paper” losses in our home equity. While painful, those of us still employed and young enough have time to rebuild. We are the “lucky” ones.

The Clinton/Bush recession also means the loss of jobs, delayed retirements, and retirements suspended for many Americans. For them, we must hope that the recession doesn’t get worse or last too long so that they can get back on their feet.

While unlikely, let’s hope we have finally learned the lessons of the last four hundred years. After all, it doesn’t take an Ivy League degree to know that when you stick your hand in a beehive to get honey, there is a very good chance that you and the innocent around you will get stung.

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About The Author

Matt A. Mayer, President & CEO of Provisum Strategies LLC and Adjunct Professor at The Ohio State University, is the author of the book “Homeland Security and Federalism: Protecting America from Outside the Beltway” available in June 2009.

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False?
Give me a "false" boom over a real Depression any day.

But resting on much bigger Ponzi ...
... Which is the notion that, through never-ending over-the-top legal and illegal immigration, we can keep ginning up population growth forever--in the short term happily bringing in more compliant low-wage labor and pushing the demand for housing out into the desert, farmland and over ever hill and dale (ironically particularly due to ‘white flight’ away from dense immigrant populations), all against limited natural resources, at the same time that we merrily export manufacturing jobs and sell our assets to foreigners. The fact that endless exponential population growth is such an obvious disaster in every direction--How quickly will it take staggeringly increasing population demands to undo the coming staggeringly expensive infrastructure projects?--is the reason that this subject almost never discussed.

Thomas Andres
Sierra foothills

On Clinton's "boom"
Much of it was due to IT panic (strongest in North America) of computer-systems, especially embedded (in cars, microwaves, ...) going haywire when date changed from 1999/12/31 to 2000/01/01. By 1999, much of this was "fixxored", so the "boom" started to fade-off--and went bust the next year.

(I actually visited the Isle Of Mull--part of Scotland's Inner Hebrides--in 1999 and was surprised by the calmness that they exhibited during a power cut, as if it was merely a routine matter; in the US, that same power cut would have caused much panic. Deducible from that is that the Hebrideans would have shrugged the supposed effect of Y2K, while it was causing Americans to panic)

Government built, taxpayer financed
The boom under Bush was real. Real estate was somewhat artificial becuase of cooked books at the GSE's. Republicans tried to get a handle on it. Even Bill Clinton tried to get control of the Frankenstein's monster he helped to create. But Barney Frank, Chris Dodd, et al of the liberal Democrats killed any real oversight. Wall Street decided to "spread the risk around," and it all came crashing down. Instead of soaking the taxpayer, give them some relief, and let the market work through this without more bailouts. http://theclosetconservative.com

Bush BOOM ??? HA! HA! HA!
First, FACT IS, the MARKET and AMERICA has ALWAYS had more REAL GROWTH under a Democrat! Much too large a difference to be random. Nor can it be explained by higher interest rates in Republican administrations.
Post-World War II presidencies confirms results. The S&P 500 has averaged a total return of 14.1% per year under Democratic presidents since April 1945, and 11.8% under Republicans. The best total returns--17.4% per year--were under Bill Clinton, whose presidency ranked first in economic results.
Also, market volatility decreases during Democratic administrations.
----
http://www.forbes.com/2004/07/21/cx_da_0721presidents.html
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http://money.cnn.com/2004/01/21/markets/election_demsvreps/
----
http://www.oldamericancentury.org/columnists/templeton/Dems econ.htm


========================

Democrats pay their debts. Republicans create them.
Every single year since Reagan, we've heard that tax breaks will stimulate the economy and help pay down the debt. Yet it never happened. The only time it trended downwards was when Clinton Economics were in play.

Republicans want no rules for lenders. Then, when common sense happens, they'll call the borrowers "irresponsible". This practice is marketed as "free market economics". The fact is that you cannot have a free market WITHOUT anti-trust legislation and other laws to even the playing field and prevent monopolies and plutocracy.

It was precisely because the Republicans wanted less regulation that less regulation occurred. It was precisely because of less regulation that people were able to obtain "Liar Loans", which CNN Money points out were "very popular with buyers seeking investment property rather than a home to live in"

Fun with tautologies
The only real insight here is that -some- booms are sort of like Ponzi schemes, except they are market phenomena, not deliberate frauds.

The rest is tautology: booms are higher-than-normal growth. Calling it "unjustified" growth employs a moral perspective that is not useful. Mr. Mayer's concept of justified growth is nothing more or less than average growth: a mathematical artifact, a tautology.

If there is any lesson to be learned from the most recent bust, it is where Mr. Mayer's thesis holds true. There was a lot of Ponzi-like behavior going on, in the real estate market particularly. Nothing was gaining in real value, but people had their reasons to value it higher.

That lesson doesn't apply particularly well to other booms, especially technology-related booms, because there is real wealth created at a much faster rate than before. We could see the real estate bust coming from a long way off (but failed to predict its timing and severity). Technology busts aren't as predictable as that, because it isn't clear when the new markets have been oversupplied until after they bust.

Enron's facade
No mention by the author of the real reason for this obscure little company's rise to the top. During the Clinton years, Enron received favorable treatment because....it was "Green". Nothing else mattered. They could do no wrong. Here it comes again. Smart money, if you can manage to get out before the inevitable next-term investigations, is on "green" again. Just make sure to bail before a Republican admin comes in and does the necessary regulation and investigation.

Interesting that Ms. Reno only investigated and tried to bring down about the only company in the USA that was NOT lying about it's financial status, Microsoft. Enron was aided and enabled by the Clinton administration's love of all things called "green". Here it comes again.

Investors: divest from military and defense stocks, unless they produce things which can be used domestically (bar lights, handcuffs, police supplies), and invest in anything which calls itself "green". The sham is back. If you can find a "green" supplier of items for the Criminal Justice system, you're golden.

Only slight sarcasm.

Microsoft
Microsoft would have avoided all that attempted takedown by Reno, had they just rebranded themselves "green".

Decent Summary
Abstractly, I agree with Mr. Mayer's analysis.

The main point though is current events appear to reinforce Mises' and Hayek's notions of the business cycle: too much money creates too much credit, creating malinvestments, creating a credit crunch, creating a recession, shrinking the amount of money so the cycle can begin anew.

History repeats itself over, and over, and over . . .

Can Some explain
Can someone explain to me how, if we had a national debt when clinton left office, do the clintonazi's claim he gave us a surplus?

Seems to me if I have bills to pay and I don;t have 101% of the money, then I don't have a surplus

Microsoft
Bill Gates' problem was he didn't donate to Clinton's campaign

Thomas:
Increased immigration is a bonus ONLY to the government. It increases taxes collected without a tax increase due to more people paying and it gives the government control over more people who depend upon the government for things like Welfare.

Among those Americans who have been here for more than two generations, the birth rate has fallen. It is simply too expensive to have 3+ kids - unless you are on Welfare and paid extra to have them. So the tax paying Americans go down in numbers while those who take go up. The government (both parties) consider illegal immigration a plus since the second generation generally in the past has been tax payers. The problem is that with government give-away programs, this is the first time that immigrants do not intend to be tax payers and teach their children the same thing.

Amity Shales
Amity Shales is not a historian. She is a journalist, and a former member of the Wall Street Journal Editorial Board. It is obvious from reading her book that she wrote the last chapter "FDR prolonged the Great Depression" before doing any research on the Great Depression. The Republicans / conservatives / Wall Street Journal types have always hated FDR and all his works. Reading that Amity Shales believes that FDR prolonged the Great Depression is on the same level as reading that James Dobson of Focus on the Family believes that marriage should be limited to the union of one man and one woman; or that the Daughters of the Confederacy do not believe that the "War Between the States" had anything to do with the South's desire to maintain slavery as a valid institution.

Clear your head
GeorgiaGal, you need to get out more. There are any number of books and scholars that have pointed out the folly of the FDR administration. Just finished a book by Gene Smiley, "Rethinking the Great Depression" that points out the many mistakes made by FDR and his anti-business/free market cohorts.

You appear to be inferring that because Amity Shales doesn't measure up to your standards that the lost decade of the 30's was unrelated to FDR's meddling. Do a little research.

What a juxtaposition!
How ironic is the contrast between this article's sober outline of the bubble economy of the past 13 years, and the online ad for free government money! (upper right hand corner of this page)

We will never learn...

GeorgiaGal-Amity SHLAES
You make some interesting accusations about Ms. Shlaes' book, GeorgiaGal, but you haven't really offered a refutation of her premise, a premise which other historians also put forward about Roosevelt, and Hoover. What is wrong with the premise that it was the actions of Hoover's and then Roosevelt's administration that took what should have been a 15 to 18-month recession and turned it into a depression that only wartime government spending could undo?

Cannot stomach the pain
I disagree with the author's assumptions about what the real value of assets ought to be now, but agree with the principle.

Everything appears to be overvalued: real estate, equity investments, commodities, labor. The new administration is going to try to prop up valuations, but the only way out of the mess is to let these assets find their value. Hard to do though when there is no hard metric to measure them against.

So the question back in August or September was: do want want severe and agonizing, but short-lived pain . . ? or prolonged, milder pain . . ?

But both candidates decided that this country has a low pain threshold.

Clinton Campfire not Bush forest fire
The author is right when he gives Clinton credit for starting the real estate fire that has harmed our interests, but he is far off base in declaring that it turned into the "Bush forest fire."

Glenn Hubbard's and Noam Neusner's jointly written op-ed (Washington PostSeptember 12, 2008)notes: "no less than 18 times during the Bush years were there calls from the Bush Administration including the President himself for reform of the mess at Freddie and Fannie." While the forest fire did happen on Bush's watch, it was the progeny of Dodd,Frank, and other recidivist Democrats and it is unfair to denigrate Bush for their schemes.

Hey old time Californians.. do you
remember the mid 70s?? Home prices jumped 20% per year for 4 or 5 years in a row, didn't they? and when my cousin bought a home in Agora Hills in '88 for $225,000; the bust came and lasted about 6 or 7 years, right? He couldn't give it away for $150,000. By 2000 it was worth $600,000 and sold again in '04 or '05 for $800,000. Have no clue what it's worth today, but how can a family by a starter home for $800,000???? Same problem here in Vegas, just lower numbers. Incomes must rise before we see any appreciation return to homes, right? Husband and wife will need to earn $200,000+ to qualify for a $500,000 home. Anybody remember any of this????

You Sure Coulda Fooled Me
Thanks for letting me know that the money I made on my investments during the Clinton years was false money. It spent real good, so you sure coulda fooled me. Tell me, about that 30% loss that my investments made under Bush, is that real money? Let me know quick because I need to be spending some of it.

To Georgia Gal
Add to that, the current Republican talking point that the New Deal was a failure is intended to diminish support for the public works program Obama says he will propose. I was born during the Depression. I remember the uncle who couldn't get work so went with the WPA. I remember the neighbor boy who couldn't get work so went to a CCC camp. I remember the great-grandparents who would have done I cannot imagine what if Social Security had not given them an income.

Best Article I've read to date
This is by far the most illuminating article I've read to date that states the obvious in a very clear manner.

Getting to the root, this was ALL fueled by greed, pure and simple. Built on a deck of cards for no other purpose than to keep the money flowing.

Clinton won re-election based on this strong economy, which really wasn't strong at all, it was inflated, the loaning spigots were opened wide. Everybody could get a loan, everybody could start a business, everybody could buy a home, and the stock market was dancing like the roaring 20's.

Bush did try to reign in control of the GSE's, he was stopped by House Democrats, but he didn't make enough noise, this still came crashing down on his watch, so he must equally share some of the blame.

Personally, I believe there were some power player shadow groups working this system, even controlling this system beyond Wall Street and beyond Congress. Just as our oil prices skyrocketed and then took a nose dive. I'm seeing far too much control going on behind the scenes.

Call me a conspiracy nut if you like, but I see these plays as nothing more than massive economic manipulation.

Lilly
You just don't get it, do you? Did your uncle retire from the WPA, your neighbor from the CCC?
More than likely, when wwII came around they got drafted or obtained real jobs. The only thing that bailed FDR's a** out was a prolonged war. This is far from a new idea- it has been known for a long time.
Governments do not create proserity! Learn it, live it!

It Wasn't Our War Spending
That got us out of the Great Depression. It was Europe's. The huge jump in orders for military supplies to export jump-started our economy because it was real money coming in, not just the government moving money and resources around, believing it could create more jobs with our tax money than could have been created in the hands of our citizens.

On a side note, over-spending and easy lending aren't features of supply-side economics. If it's ever tried in combination with actual fiscal responsibility, maybe we can have real growth without the heavy frosting of debt. It might not be as spectacular, but at least it won't require a crash to correct.
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