This article is part of an ongoing seriesabout the Shareholder Bill of Rights currently in Congress. Together, we can ensure that this bill truly represents our interests as shareholders and individual investors.

Back in September 2008, AIG (NYSE: AIG) teetered on the verge of bankruptcy, and threatened to bring down other financial giants. The list of its major counterparties reads like a who's who of finance: Barclays (NYSE: BCS), Deutsche Bank (NYSE: DB), Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS), Bank of America (NYSE: BAC), and Citigroup (NYSE: C).

We now know that the potential collateral damage was even worse than suspected. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke believes that a collapse of the massive insurer at that time would have caused a "global financial and economic meltdown."

We've paid dearly for the risk AIG took. The fallout from just this one debacle has cost has cost taxpayers and shareholders billions, and the meter is still running. Michael Lewis' investigation into the Financial Products unit portrays a group that pursued immense immediate profits with little understanding of the risks they were taking, prodded on by a greedy megalomaniac over whom executive leadership exercised almost no oversight. Clearly, something went horribly wrong with the company's risk management processes -- and they are just one example among many companies that have dropped the ball on risk management.

With this in mind, the recent Shareholder Bill of Rights legislation aims to require each public company to, "establish a risk committee, comprised entirely of independent directors, which shall be responsible for the establishment and evaluation of the risk management practices of the issuer."

In other words, Wall Street, someone at your company is going to keep an eye on your bets next time.

The current situation
The idea of a risk committee at the Board level is pretty straightforward. A fundamental fiduciary duty of Boards of Directors is to manage risk, so setting up a dedicated risk committee of independent directors along the lines of the audit committee seems like common sense.

Alas, common sense ain't all that common, as Will Rogers once observed. According to a recent Moody's study of some of the largest banks in the world, only half of all the banks had, 'a dedicated board-level risk committee covering all risks.' And for many of those that did have risk committees, the independence of the committees was considered inadequate.

Few could deny that poor risk management was central to the recent financial crisis -- whether the company was a major bank like Bank of America, a megaconglomerate like General Electric (NYSE: GE), or a traditional manufacturer like General Motors that went all-in on SUVs. So what could possibly be wrong with focusing the Board's oversight on this area?

The pros and cons
"We'd like "Ineffectual Things" for $1,000, please, Alex."

"The answer is: vitamins, fish oil, and risk committees."

"What are things that should be beneficial but probably aren't?"

And that, of course, is a compelling critique of the proposed risk committee idea. Ultimately, these committees, according to their critics, will be merely an ill-informed and ineffectual body that will be unable to truly curtail the recklessness of irresponsible companies, which are intent on pursuing profits at the expense of sustainable shareholder value.

Where profit maximization regardless of risk is the sole core value at a company, managers will find ways around the independent risk committee. In fact, as things currently stand, where managers get huge paydays when risks pay off but don't suffer along with shareholders (and taxpayers) when they don't, managers are incented to do so. Independent directors will only deal in broad brush strokes and may not have a solid understanding of the key details. Continued...