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Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Brent Bozell :: Townhall.com Columnist
Not Your Father's Encyclopedia
by Brent Bozell
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Today's Internet age is putting an end to the hardcover encyclopedia business. Why spend fortunes on a massive (albeit attractive) World Book set when what you need is a mouse click away on the Internet? Any student preparing a research paper and searching Google will probably be handed over quickly to the "Wikipedia" online encyclopedia system. What's more -- and here's an offer that presumably can't be beat -- it's free!

Consumer beware.

At Wikipedia, you won't find a distinguished body of tweedy old professors poring over every paragraph on the Hanseatic League. It's actually on the other end of the credibility spectrum. Wikipedia is an "open-source" encyclopedia, a reference source anyone can create. The danger in this system becomes very obvious, very quickly.

Recently, the comedian and movie star Sinbad had to announce that he was not, in fact, dead of a heart attack at age 50, as his Wikipedia entry claimed. "Somebody vandalized the page," claimed Wikipedia spokeswoman Sandra Ordonez.

Not only can Wikipedia articles be written by anyone with Internet access, others can then edit that material by adding off-setting and consequently off-putting material whose purpose is to create intellectual mischief.

The other day, Bernie Goldberg emailed me, upset. He pointed me to his Wikipedia entry. To read what was written was to conclude that apparently I must hate his guts. But we are friends. He is a man for whom I have profound respect, professional and personal. He knew there was foul play.

Right there on the screen, under the heading "Criticism," it stated that I had attacked him, "claiming that Goldberg merely lifted material he had been producing for years, and only published the book because he had an ax to grind with his former employers and was attempting to make a 'quick buck,' noting that Goldberg never mentioned the alleged liberal bias of the media until it was 'convenient' and 'profitable' for him to do so."

Where did this come from? An accompanying footnote linked to a column I wrote when Goldberg's "100 People Who Are Screwing Up America (And Al Franken is No. 37)" was released in 2005. Among other things, I called it "a wonderful read for anyone not on that list." I'd opened my column by joking that "I hate him" -- because he'd written a set of New York Times best-sellers I wish I'd thought to write first. There you have it.

But the author wasn't guilty of misunderstanding me. Remember how the Wikipedia entry said I charged Goldberg with opportunism, for never mentioning liberal bias until it was "convenient" and "profitable" for him? Neither those sentiments nor those words appeared anywhere in my column footnoted by Wikipedia.

In fact, those words have never been uttered by me. The accusation would be false. Back in 1996, Goldberg used the op-ed pages of The Wall Street Journal publicly to castigate his own network for its one-sided oafish bashing of Steve Forbes. It was anything but "convenient" or "profitable" for him. It ruined his friendship with Dan Rather and put him on a path to the outer fringes of CBS News. Ultimately, it ruined his newscaster career.

My attorney contacted Wikipedia by email demanding the removal of this false entry. No response. So we edited out the offensive material ourselves, after which in writing counsel alerted Wikipedia to the legal action that might befall them should this be repeated. Here's full disclosure, Wikipedia-style: You can see how each article is altered, sometimes hour by hour, in its "History" section. But there is no mention of the attorney's complaints. In the Goldberg article's history, an editor simply now scolds: "Bozell's article is a mock-jealous swipe at Goldberg's opportunism. PLEASE REREAD IT." (Capitals theirs.)

Goldberg and I are not alone. The website Conservapedia.com has a long list of 41 allegations of bias and factual errors at Wikipedia. You can add to that the problem with the credentials of its staff. One of its editors, named only "Essjay" online and described on his user profile "as a tenured professor of religion at a private university with expertise in canon law," was recently exposed as a 24-year-old college kid in Kentucky. He resigned in disgrace -- even though Wikipedia tried to retain him, claiming he'd edited thousands of articles with flair.

The Florida-based Wikimedia Foundation is aware of its Website's reputation. Board member Erik Moller was very frank in a recent essay. One of their 10 things they wanted you to know about Wikipedia is: "We don't want you to trust us. It's in the nature of an ever-changing work like Wikipedia that, while some articles are of the highest quality of scholarship, others are admittedly complete rubbish. We are fully aware of this."

It's enough to make used-car salesmen cringe.

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About The Author
Founder and President of the Media Research Center, Brent Bozell runs the largest media watchdog organization in America.
 
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How To Fix It?
Wikipedia is a great idea. Like so many other good ideas, it has been corrupted by people too immature to handle it. A few months ago, I went there and saw a group photo of US Presidents Carter, Bush, Clinton, and Bush. In the caption, all of the names had been changed in order to give someone a private snicker.

With so many people having editing access, this kind of vandalism is inevitable. Restrict access, and there will be no way to keep the information current, which is one of its greatest advantages.

It is still a good idea. I wish I had a solution for their problems. I use the site as a starting point for research, and I take it all with a grain of salt. Try teaching that concept to a school kid.

Not such a great idea
Comic, I have to disagree. Wikipedia is a questionable idea. The assumption is that those working on it have an honest ineterest in providing factual information. The existence of even a single individual with an axe to grind, or intent on making mischief, can render every article questionable, as how can we tell what is honest controversy and what is just garbage?

In addition, it is a questionable idea that information can be maintained in a constant flux yet prove useful. If a wikipedia article is open to constant revision it ceases to be useful as a reference. If I cite Wikipedia, my citation can be rendered worthless a second later when the article is altered. For citations to be of use, others have to be able to refer to the same material, not the latest revision of that material.

Wikipedia also errs in its egalitarianism. I am no fan of requiring formal credentials, and I am a fan of many skilled amteurs in historical research, for example. However, those skilled amateurs had to pass through the gauntlet of either peer review (for journals) or editorial review (for books) and show they had some skill and proof to back up their claims. Wikipedia makes no such distinction, allowing anyone and everyone to edit an article regardless of relative merit. It makes the articles of less value as a valuable piece of research can be destroyed by some creit posting his favorite unsupported claim.

And this points out the last problem: Wikipedia gives benefit to those with the most time and effort to put into it. By and large those who are best informed on a subject spend most of their time doing something valuable (teaching, working, writing, etc.) so that many (not all) wikipedia articles are written by those who feel very strongly about something, who also have a lot of free time. In my experience, those with enough time, and passion, to devote to constantly re-editing articles, tend to be the most ideologically extreme, not necessarily the best informed. You can see this in the prevalence of conspiracy theories and ideologically driven articles that constantly reappear in wikipedia, no matter how often they are deleted.

Sorry, my mistake
I spelled your name wrong, Conic. My mistake. (No harm intended, just hit the key one key to the right.)

Monkeys
It is a bit of an exaggeration, but I will repeat here my usual complaint about wikipedia:

Wikipedia has proven a million monkeys banging on a million typewriters for a million years still produce nothing but garbage.

Struggling for Balance in French
Is that so, Geo?! ("everything that doesn't march in lockstep with religious right wing propaganda is dangerous and must be either banned or discredited.") Watch out when you point that finger, the four others end up pointing back at yourself.

For four months, a number of contributors tried making the Fox entry on the French-language Wikipedia a little less caricatural and a little more balanced. Everything we tried to add — a short paragraph defending Murdoch's news channel (at the bottom of the article), a shorTENED paragraph defending Fox News, even simple hyperlinks and external links (!) — was systematically deleted and purged (of course, the banners had all kinds of "excellent" reasons and "entirely objective" reasons for doing so). Hyperlinks to blogs, hyperlinks to articles, hyperlinks to Fox videos (which add little text to the article, take up little space, and demand an effort (not a big one, it's true) from the interested reader to go to another page), the works, deleted one after the other. And when, finally, a contributor (who turned out to be an editor) "froze" the article, we decided it was time to give up.

People who understand French can read the entire Kafkaesque episode here (the original "incriminating" paragraph can be read by clicking about 6 times in the right margin):
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discuter:Fox_News_Channel

PS: By the way, I am the guy who quoted Bozell's "Dying dictators and double standards" in his Discussion section (in Wikipedia's English language version).

my 2 cents
Wikipedia is garbage. They (It?) cannot be trusted.
Ignore it - leave it alone.

one more thing
It is the classic example of one rotten apple ruining the whole bunch.

IMHO wipipedia serves a function
it gives a little knowledge (which IS a terrible thing!) but may prod you to further research (which is a GOOD thing.)

Possible solution: Make ALL entries viewable and let the reader beware! Don't let ANY be deleted. If there is TOO MUCH (how much that is, I'm not clear) label it UNRESOLVED and freeze it. But SHOW all entries.

Article 95% Pro-Clinton Not Enough
We sould be grateful: we are so privileged to have people like Geo to tell us what constitutes "rightwing propaganda or Fox PR meterial" and what does not (especially since he doesn't even seem to have bothered to check out the linked article). That way, we don't have to think for ourselves (n otr does he since he didn't bother to check it out).

Since he may not read French, here is another example of an entry (the TV movie "The Path to 9/11") that was almost entirely pro-Clinton and in which just about every effort to balance it out was struck out — five minutes later!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Path_to_9/11#Let.27s_not_let_the_conservatives_have_too_much_of_a_say.2C_now
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Path_to_9/11#This_is_either_totally_outrageous_or_totally_insane.E2.80.A6

"A quick look at this Wikipedia article would show that it is now, I would say, 95% pro-Clinton and con-the-movie-and-the-right (who are apparently such a hateful bunch, they hardly deserve any say), as is the list of external links, thanks to the above portion thereof having been terminated without any explanation whatsoever. (Insofar as anybody thinks they need to be eliminated, do you think that person might present some arguments to that effect?) I am going to put it back in … My argument being that if you have 95% of an article in favor of a certain point of view, it cannot harm those browsing the web too much if they have a few other POV, ***especially as these are not part of the article's text but form after-page addendums that the interested reader (and only he) will have to take some effort to go to***. Or is that asking too much?"

Geo
I take it, then, that you're not against a little bias as long at it isn't right-wing bias?

Little things like inaccuracy and untruth don't bother you, eh, as long as the inaccuracy or untruth errs in favor of your personal bent?

I say: Give me the truth, all day long and twice on Sundays, and my own personal bias be damned.

The whacky wiki
Conservapedia shows what happens when conservatives set out to correct liberal "bias". The article on early history says there is no reliable evidence of humans older than 3500 BC. I posted a correction pointing to the Lascaux cave paintings, which are about 30,000 years old and very human, it would quickly taken down & I was threatened with banishment.

my 2 cents...
Why would anyone want to do research on a site where any "joe-schmo" can place an entry?

If one is doing research for a high school or college paper, then he would need to use scholarly material.


Uncle Max
I'd say Wiki is more like a barrel full of rotten apples into which a good apple should not be placed.

Their concept fits right in with similar current thought; like a "living, breathing" constitution, "there are no absolutes," "my truth is what I say it is," and the "winners get to write the history books..."

I've used it on occasion because it's handy, but always double check their "facts" with other sources, thereby assigning Wikipedia to secondary or even unreliable status, which it has earned by their loose editing practices.

Geo:
Do you actually not know the difference between an encyclopedia and a dictionary, or were you overtaken by your zeal to reply?

Facts and Assumptions
"I take it, then, that you're not against a little bias as long at it isn't right-wing bias? Little things like inaccuracy and untruth don't bother you, eh, as long as the inaccuracy or untruth errs in favor of your personal bent?"

I believe I have been very honest, Geo, and unless I am mistaken, unlike you I have provided straightforward examples and not smirking assumptions.

I don't like injustice, and an article that is 95% in favor on one side (any side) is hardly balanced and worthy of an entry in, as you call it, a dictionary. (I wouldn't mind an article 60%, or 70& in favor of Clinton, but one that is 95% hardly fits the bill.) When even simple hyperlinks as an afterthought to the article and as a service to the reader who wants to find out more (in the bibliography-like external links section) cannot remain fit, there is something seriously wrong.

You and Liberal Goodman's attacks on myself and/or on Consevapedia, warrented or otherwise, conveniently ignore (or minimize) the heavy-handed "editing" (in one direction only) that Wikipedia is subject to — which neither of you have seen fit to criticize in any way whatsoever (except saying, as an automaticism, that conservatives can only be worse) — and you conveniently refrain from even approaching the related idea, the liberals' self-evident theory idea that holds that somehow, liberals are driven by little else except an entirely selfless, forward-looking, and objective viewpoint.

Can I make a suggestion?
If you want an answer in the encyclopedia that you just go to...are you ready for this..AN ENCYCLOPEDIA!Yeah,that's the ticket!!!

Why does anyone waste their time with Wikipedia?

It isn't scholarship. Period.
I cannot believe this nonsense, arguing about "liberal" and "conservative" BIAS in Wikipedia. I teach law, and my students have to do a research paper each semester. I tell them up front that they may not use or cite to Wikipedia, because it is not scholarship, and it is not reliable.

It is a sad commentary on our culture when people cannot agree on what is SCHOLARSHIP. Working at a major research university, I have (doubtless) untold colleagues with whom I would probably disagree politically, but whose research, fact-checking, and attention to historical detail is IMPECCABLE. People like these produce work that is quotable and citable without regard for their political persuasion, whatever that is.

When anyone can post something, then it is not scholarship, and it is not reliable. Real scholarship requires attribution, not anonymity. It requires research, not mere opinion. It requires documented proof in the form of accessible sources of information, as opposed to rumors and allegations. And it requires supervision - such as peer-reviewed journals, editors, and fellow scholars - also known, not anonymous - who work in the same area and who are willing to place their professional reputations on the line when it comes to expressing their opinions about the work has been done.

In short, real scholarship demands STANDARDS, which can be pointed to, complied with, and enforced. Work done without these procedural and substantive safeguards will always be replete with errors. (Indeed, even the most serious scholarship can contain errors, despite the most valiant efforts to prevent them. That is the point.)

I am not saying that there should not be such a thing as a Wikipedia, or that it should be censored (what nonsense) - populist approaches to the dissemination of information provide a great service. But reliability is not necessarily one of them.

It's Useful and Convenient
"Why does anyone waste their time with Wikipedia?"

Because it's convenient, useful and up-to-date. I was buying a new car so I used it to look u different models. In five minutes I had the history of each model, where it was built, what its competition was, etc. We had a family dinner and the subject of red hair came up -- since my wife and kids have red hair. Where does it come from? I looked it up on Wikipedia; found it right away. So much faster than driving to the library, looking it up in a 30 year old encyclopedia, if those sources even have what you're looking for.

I'm in complete agreement that you have to use your good judgement on the validity of the information. I wouldn't trust Wikipedia to get the facts on Clinton's Impeachment or Chappaquiddick, say. But for the most part, it's wonderful.

Wikipedia Citation
Several people have mentioned the unreliability of Wikipedia as a citation. Honestly, it did not even occur to me to use it that way. For academic research, it is only a starting point. I can get references to other works along with a list of links. The article itself has information that may be wildly distorted but probably is not. In any case, that is not a source for academic research. It is a pointer.

Recall that in the day, encyclopedia citations did not carry much weight with teachers either. It was not so much because anyone questioned the source. Encyclopedia cites were the mark of a lazy researcher who had mastered alphabetical order but not much else.

As for the ideological slant, that is a problem, but most of the articles are not at all political in nature. In recent searches, I wanted to see pictures of William Sprague and the Big Bopper, neither of whom is likely to inspire malicious disinformation today. I wanted some technical information on LaTeX software, the kind of information that could be outdated in a few months. The links were helpful, and so was the article.

Even for a hot-button topic, Wikipedia has uses. I was recently writing something about former Malaysia Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who has a history of making outrageous inflammatory comments. I could not remember when or where he made those statements. I used the dates from the article to check newspaper archives, and I also found some other quotes to check out.

I take it for what it is and it has served me well.

Best for non Political Subjects
The wikipedia is overall pretty darn good for technical subjects. For subjects where people get obsessed -- politics, mainly -- the pages are subject to "edit wars". However, a useful rule of thumb is to check out the associated Discussion page for any article -- those subjects that are highly debated will have long and sometimes heated discussions.

But you can learn a lot from the Discussion page as well. I personally like the wikipedia -- and have found much of the information to be well written and well founded -- in the areas where I have interest.

mostly good
I find almost every article on wikipedia to
be correct as far as I know. It is best
used as a refresher - to confirm what
you think you know.

Of course, hot button issues and biographies
are something one should be especialy sensitive
about. I also shy away from looking up new
articles on it, because I am wary.

The history button shows what Wikipedia is -
history or historiography at hyperspeed.
This is one of my favorite things to check
out. The discussion can also be interesting.

As a teacher I have thought about giving a
project out where students do research on
a topic and then update the page, but due
to possible privacy issues I've not attempted
this.

Quality?
Anyone who feels the need to defend Wikipedia, please read this:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrea_Dworkin

It is a great example of the way in which a single partisan user can seize control of an article by manipulating the rules. (No, I am not involved in thsi dispute in any way, just stumbled across it today and happened to reAlize it proved the point I made at the head of this comment page.)

Well..
I see many people saying "Well, it isn't reliable, but it is a nice place to start." Perhaps, but the claims of wikipedia is that through collaboration, truth would emerge. Not a chance.

In short, saying it is "useful but not reliable" is to say that it is useless for its advertised purpose. Kind of like saying "my computer makes a great paperweight", your comments display the incredible shortcomings of wikipedia and its inability to live up to its propaganda.

Last one, really
And, sadly, wikipedia has provided some people here with a "ready citation" for any point they care to make. Apparently, they want us to ignore the fact that they are citing a page they could have very well just edited to agree with their position.

I know, I know... check the history, blah blah... Still, the fact that you have to go do research after reading wikipedia makes it pretty useless. Why not just do the research in the first place, and skip wikipedia. You save one step and get the same result.

What about those impressionable kids?
The problem I have with Wikipedia stems from my observations in the school setting I work in.

Middle school/high school students, who are not as "sophisticated" as the mature scholars here on Townhall, are increasingly researching on the internet at sites like Wikipedia (with the encouragement of their sometimes factually illiterate or lazy teachers)for school assignments.

Guess what? No one tells them to beware, that everything they read isn't 100% truth! They may always believe the inaccurate psuedo-information is absolute fact.

Encyclopediae
I take Wikipedia information with a grain of salt, but as has been said: it's a good starting point for many searches.

The trouble with a site like Wikipedia is the dearth of intelligent contributors. After all, education hasn't been up to snuff these last few or fifty years. Too many people make entries because they have an axe to grind, they only think they know the facts, or they just don't care whether they're right or not.

Even with the standard encyclopedias, one has to consider the PC and Liberal contributors. Anyone from "academia" is suspect because he or she might be among the plethora of Liberals in that area. You simply can't get the truth out of them about a subject unless they agree with the historical "facts" as they see them. Thus, almost all references are less than desirable these days.

I sympathize with many of you out there. The education and "fact" arena is so messed up in the modern world that it's a true wonder there are any conservatives around.

Personally, I like my father's encyclopedia, especially the Britannica from 1911. Information may be a bit out of date, but the scholarship evident in the articles is edifying. And the volumes are still readily available, especially in fine bindings.


Not Your Father's Encyclopedia
Dear Mr. Bozell: I've never posted a comment before, but your article has to be one of the most valuable pieces of information I've received from townhall since I began reading it. I also wondered about some of wilkepedia's bits of information that seemed to contradict what I knew from the past. It amazes me they are still in business, or allowed to present themselves as a reference. At age 68 I thought I'd seen most everything, but there's always a new turn in the road. Thanks to you and all the other vigilant journalists, a growing fraud has been brought to light, and I'll be checking that other site as soon as I finish this thank you note. I often joke about my name because of the more famous John [Stossel]. I am a retired scientist who also writes a weekly column in a Northern Minnesota newspaper. Many thanks to you about the short "bio" of Mr. Goldberg. I liked his book. He has much more "courage" than his famous ex-TV reporter, and much more of my respect. Keep up the good work!
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